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500+ Literary Criticism MCQs – Part 6: Keats, Shelley & Arnold

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This part covers Keats’s negative capability, Shelley’s Defence of Poetry, Hazlitt and De Quincey, Matthew Arnold’s touchstones, Pater, Wilde and Henry James. The questions are drawn from previous UGC NET, SET and PhD entrance papers. Tap an option to check your answer and see the explanation.

John Keats

1. The quotation “when a man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reasons” is a definition of:

  1. Negative capability
  2. Secondary imagination
  3. Criticism of life
  4. Dissociation of sensibility
Keats coined the term ‘Negative Capability’ in his 1817 letter to his brothers, using exactly this description.

2. In Keats’s letter to Bailey (November 1817): “What the imagination seizes as Beauty must be truth.” Which sentence follows this passage?

  1. “Now I am sensible all this is a mere sophistication…”
  2. “The Imagination may be compared to Adam’s dream – he woke and found it true.”
  3. “This however I am persuaded of, that nothing beside Imagination can give us sweet sensations…”
  4. “My pains at last some respite shall afford…”
Keats follows with ‘The Imagination may be compared to Adam’s dream — he woke and found it true,’ drawing on Milton’s Paradise Lost.

3. The term “egotistical sublime” was coined by:

  1. S.T. Coleridge
  2. John Keats
  3. William Wordsworth
  4. William Hazlitt
Keats used ‘egotistical sublime’ in a letter (1818) to describe Wordsworth’s intensely self-focused poetic style, contrasting it with Shakespeare’s negative capability.

4. Whom did Keats regard as the prime example of ‘negative capability’?

  1. John Milton
  2. William Wordsworth
  3. William Shakespeare
  4. P.B. Shelley
Keats held Shakespeare as the supreme example of negative capability — the ability to inhabit multiple perspectives without imposing one’s own ego.

5. “Negative Capability” is a term first used by which English Romantic poet?

  1. John Keats
  2. P. B. Shelley
  3. Byron
  4. Wordsworth
Keats coined “Negative Capability” in a letter (December 1817), describing the capacity to remain “in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason” — the ideal quality of a poet.

P.B. Shelley

6. “In honoured poverty thy voice did weave / Songs consecrate to truth and liberty, – / Deserting these, thou leavest me to grieve” — from “To Wordsworth”. Who is the poet?

  1. Coleridge
  2. Shelley
  3. Byron
  4. Keats
Shelley wrote ‘To Wordsworth’ as a sonnet lamenting Wordsworth’s abandonment of his earlier radical political ideals.

7. Which of Plato’s beliefs/acts was Shelley countering by saying “poets are the unacknowledged legislators of mankind”?

  1. Banishment of poets from the republic
  2. Distrust of value of poetry for mankind
  3. Preference for legislators over poets
  4. Description of poets as mad men
Shelley was countering Plato’s preference for lawmakers over poets — asserting that poets shape society’s values more profoundly than legislators do.

8. Shelley defends poetry against the attack of:

  1. Robert Southey
  2. Walter Scott
  3. Thomas Love Peacock
  4. Samuel T. Coleridge
Shelley’s A Defence of Poetry (1821) was written in direct response to Thomas Love Peacock’s satirical essay ‘The Four Ages of Poetry’.

9. Who says that “Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world”?

  1. Shelley
  2. Walter Pater
  3. Matthew Arnold
  4. T. S. Eliot
This is the famous closing line of Shelley’s A Defence of Poetry (1821), asserting that poets shape the moral and imaginative foundations of society even without official recognition or power.

10. Who says poetry can be defined as “the expression of the imagination”?

  1. Wordsworth
  2. Shelley
  3. Coleridge
  4. Matthew Arnold
Shelley opens A Defence of Poetry (1821) by defining poetry as “the expression of the imagination,” linking it to the creative and moral faculty that distinguishes human beings.

11. A Defence of Poetry was written by:

  1. P. B. Shelley
  2. S. T. Coleridge
  3. William Wordsworth
  4. John Keats
Shelley wrote A Defence of Poetry in 1821 in reply to Peacock’s “The Four Ages of Poetry.” It ends by calling poets “the unacknowledged legislators of the world.”

Hazlitt, De Quincey & Jeffrey

12. In a 1817 review of Coleridge’s Biographia Literaria, Francis Jeffrey coined the term ‘Lake School of Poets’ grouping…

  1. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Crabbe
  2. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Byron
  3. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Hazlitt
  4. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey
The Lake Poets were Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey — all three lived in the English Lake District.

13. Who distinguished between “the literature of Knowledge” and “the literature of Power”?

  1. Coleridge
  2. De Quincey
  3. Hazlitt
  4. Lamb
Thomas De Quincey made this distinction in his essay ‘Letters to a Young Man’ and elaborated it in his essay on Pope.

14. The passage describing the quality of greatness beginning “No man is truly great, who is great only in his lifetime…” is taken from:

  1. “Of Studies” by Francis Bacon
  2. “The Indian Jugglers” by William Hazlitt
  3. Preface to Shakespeare by Samuel Johnson
  4. An Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden
This passage is from William Hazlitt’s essay ‘The Indian Jugglers’ in Table Talk (1821), where he reflects on true vs. false greatness.

15. In which volume do you find a charming appreciation of the Wordsworth household by Thomas de Quincey?

  1. The Confessions of an English Opium-Eater
  2. Lives and Letters, Far Away and Long Ago
  3. Notes on My Lake Country Evenings
  4. Reminiscences of the English Lake Poets
De Quincey’s Reminiscences of the English Lake Poets (also called Recollections of the Lakes) contains his personal accounts of the Wordsworth family.

16. Which work by a famous poet does Thomas de Quincey refer to as “the feeblest and least interesting” of his writings, “being substantially a mere versification…of common places”?

  1. John Dryden’s An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
  2. Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism
  3. Shelley’s Defence of Poetry
  4. Sidney’s An Apologie for Poetry
De Quincey harshly dismissed Pope’s An Essay on Criticism as a mere versification of critical commonplaces.

17. Which Romantic prose writer has been called “the critic’s critic”?

  1. Lamb
  2. De Quincey
  3. Hazlitt
  4. Landor
William Hazlitt is called “the critic’s critic” for his incisive, impressionistic style and wide range — his Lectures on the English Poets and The Spirit of the Age are celebrated for their bold, independent judgments.

Matthew Arnold

18. The line “Poetry is a criticism of life” occurs in:

  1. Culture and Anarchy
  2. Modern Painters
  3. The Study of Poetry
  4. Sartor Resartus
Matthew Arnold’s essay ‘The Study of Poetry’ (1880) famously defines poetry as a criticism of life.

19. “Poetry is a criticism of life under the conditions fixed for such a criticism by laws of poetic truth and poetic beauty.” Who made the above statement?

  1. Dr. Johnson
  2. Sidney
  3. Matthew Arnold
  4. Wordsworth
This is Matthew Arnold’s famous formulation from ‘The Study of Poetry’ — he is most associated with defining poetry as a criticism of life.

20. According to Matthew Arnold, what are the ‘touchstones’ that help us test truth and seriousness in poetry?

  1. The purple passages of lyric poetry
  2. Passages from ancient poets
  3. The lines and expressions of the great masters
  4. Passages of epic strength and vigour
Arnold’s touchstone method involves comparing passages from new poetry against the finest lines and expressions of acknowledged great masters.

21. “He is not fully recognized at home; he is not recognized at all abroad. Yet I firmly believe that the poetical performance of __________ is, after that of Shakespeare and Milton, undoubtedly most considerable in our language.” To whom does Matthew Arnold refer?

  1. Edmund Spenser
  2. John Keats
  3. William Wordsworth
  4. S.T. Coleridge
Arnold championed Wordsworth as the third greatest English poet after Shakespeare and Milton in his 1879 preface to Poems of Wordsworth.

22. “The future of poetry is immense, because in poetry… our race, as time goes on, will find an ever surer and surer stay.” This claim for poetry is made in:

  1. Arnold’s “The Study of Poetry”
  2. Shelley’s “A Defence of Poetry”
  3. Sidney’s “An Apology for Poetry”
  4. Eliot’s Of Poetry and Poets
Arnold opens ‘The Study of Poetry’ (1880) with this grand claim that poetry will replace religion as humanity’s spiritual guide.

23. In his “Study of Poetry” Arnold cited ‘touchstones’ from Homer, Dante, Shakespeare and Milton. Which English poet did he disapprovingly call “not one of the great classics”?

  1. Chaucer
  2. Sidney
  3. Spenser
  4. Donne
Arnold famously argued that Chaucer, despite his brilliance, lacks ‘high seriousness’ and therefore cannot rank among the great classic poets.

24. In his essay “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” (1864), Matthew Arnold contended that:

  1. Creative and critical powers should be ranked equally
  2. Creative and critical powers are not comparable in any way
  3. Critical power should be ranked higher than creative power
  4. Creative power should be ranked higher than critical power
Arnold argues creative power is supreme, but criticism plays a vital supporting role by creating the intellectual atmosphere in which creativity can flourish.

25. In which of the following essays did Arnold put forward the ‘Touchstone Theory’?

  1. “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time”
  2. “Culture and Anarchy”
  3. “The Study of Poetry”
  4. “The Literary Influence of Academics”

26. Who gave the concept of ‘Art for life’s sake’?

  1. T. S. Eliot
  2. Wordsworth
  3. Matthew Arnold
  4. Tennyson

27. Matthew Arnold is the author of which of the following works?

  1. What is a Classic?
  2. Appreciations
  3. Essays in Criticism
  4. The English Comic Writers
Essays in Criticism (1865, 1888) is Matthew Arnold’s major critical work. “What is a Classic?” is by T. S. Eliot; Appreciations is by Walter Pater; The English Comic Writers is by Hazlitt.

28. Who is generally called “the first modern critic” of the Western world?

  1. Matthew Arnold
  2. Wordsworth
  3. I. A. Richards
  4. William Empson
Matthew Arnold is widely regarded as the first modern critic of the Western world for his systematic, secular approach to evaluating literature and culture, pioneering criticism as a profession and a social force.

29. “The true and right meaning of the words classic and classical is the class of very best poetry.” Who says this?

  1. Shelley
  2. Keats
  3. Matthew Arnold
  4. Wordsworth
Matthew Arnold articulated this standard in “The Study of Poetry” (1880), where he also proposed the “touchstone” method — measuring poetry against lines from the very best poets as a benchmark of quality.

30. Who proposed the “Touchstone” method for literary evaluation?

  1. Matthew Arnold
  2. T. S. Eliot
  3. I. A. Richards
  4. F. R. Leavis
Matthew Arnold proposed the Touchstone method in “The Study of Poetry” (1880): hold short passages from the “best” poets (Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Milton) as touchstones and test other poetry against them to judge its quality.

31. ………………… might be described as a moral or philosophical critic who argues that works must have “high seriousness.”

  1. Eliot
  2. Derrida
  3. Arnold
  4. C. S. Lewis
Matthew Arnold demanded “high seriousness” — a quality of moral weight and grandeur — as a criterion for great literature, and used it to measure poets like Chaucer and Burns against Homer, Dante, and Milton.

32. “The best poetry will be found to have a power of forming, sustaining, and delighting us.” This assertion implies:

  1. Poetry is more useful than other arts
  2. All arts including poetry have limitations
  3. Poetry has multiple functions to perform
  4. Poetry has no real role to play
Arnold makes this claim in “The Study of Poetry.” Great poetry forms character, sustains us in life and gives delight, so it performs several functions at once.

33. In “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time,” why does Matthew Arnold say the English poetry of the first quarter of the nineteenth century “did not know enough”?

  1. The poets had no talent for fine diction
  2. The reading public rejected serious poetry
  3. There was no current of fresh ideas from criticism
  4. The poets ignored nature and rural life
Arnold argues that creative genius needs materials, and those materials are ideas prepared by criticism. Romantic poetry had energy but lacked a national “glow of life and thought,” so Byron seemed empty and Shelley incoherent.

34. Who declared that criticism is “a disinterested endeavour to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world”?

  1. John Dryden
  2. Matthew Arnold
  3. S. T. Coleridge
  4. W. H. Auden
Arnold gives this definition in “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” (1864). It aims to establish “a current of fresh and true ideas.”

Pater, Wilde & Aestheticism

35. Who gave the concept of ‘Art for Art’s sake’?

  1. Walter Pater
  2. F. R. Leavis
  3. T. S. Eliot
  4. John Keats

36. Who is the author of the statement: “The nineteenth century dislike of Realism is the rage of Caliban seeing his own face in the glass”?

  1. Arthur Symons
  2. Benjamin Disraeli
  3. W.B. Yeats
  4. Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde wrote this in the Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), defending art against moralistic critics.

37. ‘Art for Art’s sake’ is the cardinal doctrine of:

  1. Naturalism
  2. Aestheticism
  3. Expressionism
  4. Realism
The Aesthetic Movement, led by Pater, Wilde and Swinburne, held that art needs no moral or social justification. The slogan comes from the French l’art pour l’art of Gautier.

Henry James & George Eliot

38. “The story and the novel, the idea and the form, are the needle and thread, and I never heard of a guild of tailors who recommended the use of the thread without the needle, or the needle without the thread.” This passage is found in:

  1. Sir Philip Sidney, An Apology for Poetry
  2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Biographia Literaria
  3. Henry James, “The Art of Fiction”
  4. I.A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism
Henry James uses this needle-and-thread metaphor in ‘The Art of Fiction’ (1884) to argue that form and content in the novel are inseparable.

39. Identify the incorrect factor in Henry James’ theory of the novel:

  1. It should be sentimental
  2. It should be objective
  3. It should be realistic
  4. It should be viewed as an artistic form
James championed objectivity, realism, and artistic form in the novel — sentimentality was antithetical to his entire aesthetic philosophy.

40. The author of the essay “Silly Novels by Lady Novelists” is:

  1. George Eliot
  2. Henry James
  3. Oscar Wilde
  4. Richard Steele
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) wrote this satirical 1856 essay criticising sentimental and poorly-crafted novels by women writers.

Carlyle & Saintsbury

41. Thomas Carlyle’s phrases ‘Everlasting Nay’ and ‘Everlasting Yea’ came from:

  1. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History
  2. Past and Present
  3. Sartor Resartus
  4. The French Revolution
These phrases appear in Sartor Resartus (1833–34), Carlyle’s semi-autobiographical philosophical novel about spiritual crisis and renewal.

42. Who defines criticism as the play of mind on the aesthetic qualities of literature?

  1. Saintsbury
  2. Atkins
  3. Victor Hugo
  4. Edmund Gosse

43. Who remarked, “There abide these three, Aristotle, Longinus and Coleridge”?

  1. R. A. Scott-James
  2. J. W. H. Atkins
  3. George Saintsbury
  4. T. S. Eliot
George Saintsbury, in his History of Criticism, named these three as the supreme critics. He echoes St Paul’s “now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three.”
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