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1000+ Literary Theory MCQs – Part 18: New Historicism & Cultural Materialism

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New Historicism

Literary Theory · Part 18 of 25 · 1980s

New Historicism & Cultural Materialism

Self-FashioningTextuality of HistoryThick DescriptionCultural Materialism

What is New Historicism? New Historicism, named by Stephen Greenblatt in 1982, reads literary and non-literary texts side by side to show how power circulates in a culture, summed up in Louis Montrose’s phrase “the historicity of texts and the textuality of history”. Its British cousin, cultural materialism (Dollimore and Sinfield), is more openly political.

This part covers Stephen Greenblatt, general New Historicism, and Dollimore, Sinfield and cultural materialism. The questions are drawn from previous UGC NET, SET, PhD entrance and Assistant Professor papers, and every answer comes with a short explanation. Tap an option to check your answer.

Stephen Greenblatt

1. The term “new historicism” was coined by the ________ critic Stephen Greenblatt.

  1. Italian
  2. Russian
  3. American
  4. German
The American critic Stephen Greenblatt coined new historicism in his 1982 introduction to a special issue of Genre on Renaissance forms of power.

2. Who is credited with describing the textuality of history as “an intensified willingness to read all of the textual traces of the past with the attention traditionally conferred only on literary texts”?

  1. Greenblatt
  2. Louis
  3. Montrose
  4. Dutton
Stephen Greenblatt used these words in ‘Resonance and Wonder’ (1990), summing up new historicism’s close reading of non-literary documents alongside literary ones.

3. Who among the following theorists talks about “the circulation of social energy”?

  1. Raymond Williams
  2. Stephen Greenblatt
  3. Antonio Gramsci
  4. Hayden White
In Shakespearean Negotiations (1988) Greenblatt describes how social energy circulates between literary texts and other cultural practices.

4. Which writer applied the term ‘cultural poetics’ to his own critical contribution, treating literature and the arts as part of social practice?

  1. Mikhail Bakhtin
  2. Stephen Greenblatt
  3. Jonathan Dollimore
  4. Raymond Williams
Stephen Greenblatt preferred ‘cultural poetics’ to ‘New Historicism’ for his study of how art and literature participate in wider social practices.

5. The terms ‘resonance’ and ‘wonder’ are associated with

  1. Terry Eagleton
  2. Terence Hawkes
  3. Stephen Greenblatt
  4. Roland Barthes
Greenblatt’s essay ‘Resonance and Wonder’ (1990) contrasts an object’s power to evoke its wider cultural world with its power to arrest the viewer in awe.

6. Which of the following is not a book by Stephen Greenblatt?

  1. Beginnings
  2. Hamlet in Purgatory
  3. Will in the World
  4. Marvelous Possessions
Beginnings: Intention and Method (1975) is by Edward Said; Will in the World, Hamlet in Purgatory and Marvelous Possessions are Greenblatt’s.

7. Which of the following deals with Renaissance culture?

  1. Renaissance Self-Fashioning
  2. Renaissance and Resistance
  3. Culture and Society
  4. Writing Culture
Stephen Greenblatt’s Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare (1980) studies how Renaissance identities were shaped by power, the founding text of New Historicism.

8. The book written by Stephen Greenblatt and Catherine Gallagher is:

  1. Hamlet in Purgatory
  2. History Studies
  3. Practicing New Historicism
  4. Essays in Early Modern Culture
Catherine Gallagher and Stephen Greenblatt co-wrote Practicing New Historicism (2000); Hamlet in Purgatory (2001) is Greenblatt’s alone.

9. Which critic begins his well-known book with the statement ‘I began with the desire to speak with the dead’?

  1. Catherine Belsey
  2. Stephen Greenblatt
  3. Alan Sinfield
  4. Terry Eagleton
Stephen Greenblatt’s Shakespearean Negotiations (1988) opens with “I began with the desire to speak with the dead”, a keynote of New Historicism.

New Historicism: General

10. The practice of giving ________ to literary and non-literary material is the first and major difference between the “new” and the “old” historicism.

  1. Emotive language
  2. Catharsis
  3. Deep structure
  4. Equal weighting
New historicism reads literary and non-literary texts side by side with equal weighting, whereas old historicism treated history as mere background to the privileged literary text.

11. In the phrase “the archival continuum”, an important difference between old and new historicisms is encapsulated in the word ________, for that word indicates that new historicism is indeed a historicist rather than a historical movement.

  1. New
  2. Historic
  3. Archival
  4. Continuum
New historicists know the past only through its archived textual traces, so ‘archival’ marks their concern with history as text rather than direct access to past events.

12. In new historicism, the notion of the state as all-powerful and all-seeing stems from the post-structuralist cultural historian ________.

  1. Sigmund Freud
  2. Michel Foucault
  3. Edwin A. Abbott
  4. Anthony Burgess
New historicists took from Michel Foucault, especially Discipline and Punish (1975), the image of a pervasive, surveilling power that produces and contains dissent.

13. New historicists focus attention on issues of ________ and how it is maintained, on patriarchal structures and their perpetuation, and on the process of colonisation, with its accompanying “mind-set”.

  1. State power
  2. Immigration
  3. Poverty
  4. Social class
Influenced by Foucault, new historicists examine how state power is maintained, together with patriarchy and colonialism, often through readings of Renaissance texts.

14. On which work did Louis Montrose write an essay that is an example of new historicism in practice?

  1. Lord of the Flies
  2. Heart of Darkness
  3. The Sun Also Rises
  4. A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Louis Montrose’s ‘Shaping Fantasies’ (1983) reads A Midsummer Night’s Dream alongside Elizabethan documents on Queen Elizabeth’s power and gender politics.

15. What was the name of the American journal considered the “house magazine” of new historicism?

  1. Representations
  2. Competence
  3. Dramatic unities
  4. Diegesis
Representations, founded at the University of California, Berkeley in 1983 by Stephen Greenblatt and others, became the house journal of new historicism.

16. Which of the following would not be invoked to describe a form of New Historicist criticism?

  1. Archaeology of social constructs
  2. Genealogy of patriarchal discourse
  3. Cultural materialism
  4. Post-structural recovery of authorial intent
New Historicism, shaped by Foucault’s archaeology and genealogy, situates texts in discourse and power; recovering authorial intent is foreign to it and contradicts post-structuralism.

17. A New Historicist reading, above everything else, is influenced by the philosophy of

  1. Jacques Derrida
  2. Jacques Lacan
  3. Michel Foucault
  4. Theodor Adorno
New Historicism draws above all on Michel Foucault’s view of discourse, power and knowledge, reading texts as part of a culture’s circulating power relations.

18. New Historicism was fundamentally influenced by

  1. Marx
  2. Foucault
  3. Derrida
  4. Henri Lefebvre
New Historicism drew chiefly on Michel Foucault’s ideas of discourse, power and the historical construction of subjects.

19. “The poststructuralist orientation to history now emerging in literary studies may be characterized chiastically, as a reciprocal concern with the historicity of texts and the textuality of history” is a statement by the new historicist ____.

  1. Stephen Greenblatt
  2. Clifford Geertz
  3. Louis Adrian Montrose
  4. Catherine Gallagher
Louis Montrose’s chiasmus “the historicity of texts and the textuality of history” became a standard summary of New Historicism’s premises.

20. How does New Historicism differ from traditional historicism?

  1. New Historicism rejects the idea that history is neutral.
  2. New Historicism does not make strict delineations between literary and non-literary texts.
  3. New Historicism takes a particular interest in marginalised peoples.
  4. All of the above answers are correct.
New Historicism denies that history is an objective background, reads literary and non-literary texts side by side, and attends to marginal and subversive voices.

21. What is New Historicism?

  1. A theory that sees history as a form of writing and discourse
  2. A theory that abandons the idea of history as an imitation of events
  3. A theory that regards history as a series of narratives
  4. All of the above answers are correct.
New Historicism treats history as textual and discursive, a set of narratives rather than a transparent record of events, echoing Montrose’s “textuality of history”.

Dollimore, Sinfield & Cultural Materialism

22. The British critic ________ described cultural materialism as “a politicised form of historiography”.

  1. Graham Holderness
  2. W. Somerset Maugham
  3. Robertson Davies
  4. Charles de Lint
Graham Holderness, a British cultural materialist writing on Shakespeare, called cultural materialism a politicised form of historiography.

23. Dollimore and Sinfield defined the term “Political Shakespeare” as designating a critical method which has ________ characteristics.

  1. Nine
  2. Seven
  3. Two
  4. Four
In Political Shakespeare (1985) Dollimore and Sinfield named four features of cultural materialism: historical context, theoretical method, political commitment and textual analysis.

24. The term ‘Cultural Materialism’ is associated with

  1. Stephen Greenblatt
  2. Raymond Williams
  3. Matthew Arnold
  4. Richard Hoggart
Raymond Williams coined cultural materialism; Jonathan Dollimore and Alan Sinfield later adopted the term for their politically engaged British criticism.

25. What, according to Raymond Williams, is the right description of the term ‘Cultural Materialism’?

  1. The material effect that culture has in wider social life
  2. The political effect that matter has in social lives
  3. The cultural effect that religion has in social life
  4. The effect of social life in cultural situations of uncertainty
Williams’s cultural materialism treats culture as a material, productive practice with real effects in wider social life, not a mere reflection of the economic base.

26. The dynamic of the “perverse” was first explored by Jonathan Dollimore in:

  1. Radical Tragedy
  2. Sex, Literature and Censorship
  3. Sexual Dissidence
  4. Death, Desire and Loss
Jonathan Dollimore’s Sexual Dissidence: Augustine to Wilde, Freud to Foucault (1991) theorises the perverse dynamic by which the deviant inhabits the dominant.

27. Cultural materialism makes analysis based in critical theory, in the tradition of the ____.

  1. Chicago School
  2. Rinzai School
  3. Prague School
  4. Frankfurt School
Cultural materialism, stemming from Raymond Williams, is a Marxist-inflected critical-theory approach and is usually placed in the tradition of the Frankfurt School’s critical theory.

28. Who says of cultural materialism that it is a “politicised form of historiography”?

  1. Herbert Marcuse
  2. Graham Holderness
  3. Antonio Gramsci
  4. Alan Sinfield
Graham Holderness, a cultural materialist Shakespeare critic, described cultural materialism as “a politicised form of historiography”.

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