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1000+ Literary Theory MCQs – Part 16: Gender & Queer Theory

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Gender & Queer Theory

Literary Theory · Part 16 of 25 · 1990s

Gender & Queer Theory

PerformativityGender TroubleThe ClosetHomosocial

What is Gender & Queer Theory? Queer theory treats gender and sexuality as social constructions rather than fixed essences. Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble (1990) argued that gender is performative, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s Epistemology of the Closet analysed the homo/heterosexual binary, and Teresa de Lauretis coined the term “queer theory” (1990).

This part covers Judith Butler, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and general gender and queer theory. The questions are drawn from previous UGC NET, SET, PhD entrance and Assistant Professor papers, and every answer comes with a short explanation. Tap an option to check your answer.

Judith Butler

1. Who is Judith Butler?

  1. A published fiction writer
  2. A famous French speaker
  3. An American philosopher
  4. A Harvard professor
Judith Butler is an American philosopher and gender theorist at the University of California, Berkeley, best known for Gender Trouble (1990).

2. For what type of performative theory was Judith Butler known?

  1. Gender and sexuality
  2. Political climate
  3. Roles in the workforce
  4. Religious phrasing
Butler argued in Gender Trouble that gender is performative, produced through the repeated stylisation of acts rather than expressing an inner essence.

3. The author of Gender Trouble is

  1. Judith Butler
  2. Hélène Cixous
  3. Michèle Barrett
  4. Elaine Showalter
Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble (1990) introduced the theory of gender as performative.

4. Who is associated with the idea of gender performativity?

  1. Elaine Showalter
  2. Simone de Beauvoir
  3. Chandra Talpade Mohanty
  4. Judith Butler
Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble (1990) argues that gender is performative, produced through repeated stylised acts rather than expressing an inner essence.

5. Butler describes the presumed existing feminine identity as which of the following?

  1. Childish
  2. Masculine
  3. Woman
  4. Political
In Gender Trouble Butler notes that feminist theory has assumed an existing identity understood through the category of “woman/women” as its subject.

6. Many feminists believe that one must develop which of the following?

  1. A socially prescribed identity
  2. A political identity
  3. A childish identity
  4. A feminine identity
Butler observes that much feminist theory has sought to develop and represent a stable feminine identity as the basis of feminist politics, an assumption she questions.

7. Which of the following does Butler describe as always being a part of the language of gender?

  1. Constraint
  2. Determinism
  3. Sexuality
  4. Bodies
Butler argues that constraint is built into what language constitutes as the imaginable domain of gender, limiting possible gender configurations.

8. Ontology requires appearance to match which of the following?

  1. Language
  2. Existence
  3. Reality
  4. Theory
Ontology assumes that appearance corresponds to an underlying reality; Butler argues that gender’s appearance of substance is produced by performance.

9. The short title of a founding text of queer theory:

  1. Gender Bender
  2. Gender Games
  3. Gender Mender
  4. Gender Trouble
Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990) theorised gender as performative and became a founding text of queer theory.

10. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex” (1993) is an important work by:

  1. Betty Friedan
  2. Judith Butler
  3. Catherine Clément
  4. Hélène Cixous
Judith Butler’s Bodies That Matter (1993) extends Gender Trouble, arguing that the materiality of sex is itself produced through reiterated regulatory norms.

11. Place these works of Judith Butler chronologically according to the date of publication:

I. Undoing Gender
II. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
III. Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative
IV. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex”
  1. I, III, IV, II
  2. I, II, III, IV
  3. IV, III, I, II
  4. II, IV, III, I
Gender Trouble (1990); Bodies That Matter (1993); Excitable Speech (1997); Undoing Gender (2004).

12. Which of the following statements are true?

1. Judith Butler asserted that gendered behaviour is performance.
2. Judith Butler stated that there are no stable identities.
3. Judith Butler did not accept the distinction between sex and gender.
4. The linguistic construction of “sex” is stable, according to Judith Butler.
  1. Statements 1, 2 and 4 only are true.
  2. Statements 1, 2 and 3 only are true.
  3. Statements 1 and 2 only are true.
  4. All the statements are true.
Butler’s Gender Trouble (1990) treats gender as performative, denies stable identity and argues that sex was always already gender, so its construction is never stable.

Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

13. Who argued for the fluidity of identity, including sexual identity, in the highly influential Epistemology of the Closet?

  1. Eve Sedgwick
  2. Diana Fuss
  3. Judith Butler
  4. Rock Meyer
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s Epistemology of the Closet (1990) argued that the homo/heterosexual definition is unstable and central to modern Western culture.

14. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s Epistemology of the Closet is a seminal work on:

  1. Gynocriticism
  2. Womanism
  3. Gay and Lesbian Criticism
  4. Black Feminism
Epistemology of the Closet (1990) argues that the homo/heterosexual definition structures modern Western thought, making it a founding text of gay, lesbian and queer criticism.

Queer & Gender Theory: General

15. Who coined the term ‘queer theory’ (queer studies)?

  1. Judith Butler
  2. Teresa de Lauretis
  3. bell hooks
  4. Gloria Anzaldúa
Teresa de Lauretis coined ‘queer theory’ for a 1990 conference at the University of California, Santa Cruz, published in a 1991 special issue of differences.

16. Lesbian and gay literary theory emerged prominently as a distinct field only in the ________.

  1. 2000s
  2. 1960s
  3. 1970s
  4. 1990s
Lesbian and gay criticism became a distinct academic field in the 1990s, with Sedgwick’s Epistemology of the Closet and Butler’s Gender Trouble (both 1990) and the rise of queer theory.

17. Who wrote the essay “What Has Never Been: An Overview of Lesbian Feminist Criticism”, attacking “essentialism” and pointing out how “the perceptual screen of heterosexism” prevented any consideration of lesbian issues in pioneering feminist writing?

  1. Bonnie Zimmerman
  2. Muriel Spark
  3. Adrienne Rich
  4. Anne Koedt
Bonnie Zimmerman’s 1981 essay in Feminist Studies surveyed lesbian feminist criticism and showed how heterosexist assumptions had excluded lesbians from early feminist criticism.

18. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic contained ________ passing reference(s) to lesbianism.

  1. 20
  2. 3
  3. 1
  4. 9
Lesbian critics noted that The Madwoman in the Attic (1979) made only a single passing reference to lesbianism, an instance of the heterosexist blind spot in early feminist criticism.

19. In the 1990s a second, less essentialist, notion of lesbianism emerged, within the sphere of what is now known as ________.

  1. Reception theory
  2. Speech act theory
  3. Hybrid theory
  4. Queer theory
In the 1990s queer theory treated sexual identity as fluid and constructed rather than essential, giving rise to a less essentialist notion of lesbianism.

20. Lesbian theory that broke away from feminism and made new allegiances, in particular with gay men rather than with other women, is called “queer theory” or ________.

  1. Homosexual education
  2. Queer studies
  3. Homosexual concepts
  4. Heterosexual examinations
The strand of lesbian theory that allied with gay men rather than with feminism came to be called queer theory or queer studies.

21. The institutional acceptance of the term “queer” dates from a 1990 conference on “queer theory” at which major university?

  1. University of Florida
  2. University of New Mexico
  3. University of California
  4. University of New York
Teresa de Lauretis organised the February 1990 conference on queer theory at the University of California, Santa Cruz, which gave the term academic standing.

22. Match the items in List I with the items in List II according to the codes given below:

List I (Theorist)
i. Michel Foucault
ii. Judith Butler
iii. Alan Sinfield
iv. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick
List II (Book)
1. Gender Trouble
2. Epistemology of the Closet
3. The History of Sexuality
4. Cultural Politics – Queer Reading
Codes:
i ii iii iv
  1. 3 1 2 4
  2. 3 1 4 2
  3. 4 2 1 3
  4. 4 3 1 2
Foucault: The History of Sexuality; Butler: Gender Trouble; Sinfield: Cultural Politics – Queer Reading; Sedgwick: Epistemology of the Closet.

23. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct answer using the code given below.

Assertion (A): Gender studies do not see an urgent need to help us navigate the various pitfalls of racism, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, and plain ignorance that flow from using “culture” as an explanatory tool.
Reason (R): Issues relating to women’s rights, gender roles, sexuality and family obligations are centrally implicated in the so-called clash of civilizations between Christianity or Secularism, and Islam.
  1. A is only partly addressed in R.
  2. R does not follow logically from A.
  3. R is A and vice versa.
  4. A and R are most logically related.
If gender issues are central to the so-called clash of civilizations, gender studies must address the pitfalls of cultural explanation, so R does not follow from A.

24. Which among the following texts can be characterised as a lesbian Bildungsroman?

  1. Jeanette Winterson, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit
  2. Sylvia Plath, The Bell Jar
  3. Angela Carter, The Magic Toyshop
  4. Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Heat and Dust
Winterson’s Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985) traces Jeanette’s growth into lesbian identity against her evangelical upbringing.

25. What is homoeroticism?

  1. The sexual preference of women for men
  2. The sexual preference of men for women
  3. The sexual preference of women for women
  4. The sexual preference of men for men
Homoeroticism denotes same-sex erotic desire; in literary study the term is most often applied to desire between men, as in Sedgwick’s work.

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